Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is a semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GAGs are a type of sugar molecule that is found naturally in the body. GAGs play a role in a variety of functions, including cell communication, cell growth, and tissue repair.
PPS is derived from hemicellulose, a type of polysaccharide that is found in the cell walls of plants. Hemicellulose is made up of a variety of sugar molecules, including xylose. PPS is created by chemically modifying xylose to create a long chain of sugar molecules.
The structure of PPS is a repeating chain of xylose molecules that are linked together by sulfate groups. The sulfate groups give PPS its negative charge. PPS is a relatively large molecule, with a molecular weight of approximately 4000 to 6000 Da.
PPS is a water-soluble molecule, which means that it can dissolve in water. This makes it easy for PPS to be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to the tissues of the body.
PPS is also a very stable molecule. It is not easily broken down by enzymes or other chemicals in the body. This makes PPS a long-lasting medication.
The chemical structure of PPS is as follows:
[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-disulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-sulfooxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate
The structural properties of PPS that are important for its activity include:
- The long chain of xylose molecules gives PPS its ability to form a protective layer on the surface of the bladder lining.
- The sulfate groups give PPS its negative charge, which is important for its interaction with other molecules in the body.
- The stability of PPS makes it a long-lasting medication.
PPS is a complex molecule, and its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. However, it is thought to work by a combination of mechanisms, including:
- Protecting the bladder lining from irritation and inflammation
- Reducing inflammation
- Improving blood flow to the bladder
- Reducing scar tissue formation
PPS is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of BPS/IC. It is the only FDA-approved medication for this condition. PPS has been shown to be effective in reducing bladder pain and discomfort, improving bladder capacity, reducing the frequency of urination, and improving quality of life for people with BPS/IC.
If you are considering taking PPS for BPS/IC, it is important to talk to your doctor first. Your doctor can help you to determine if PPS is right for you and can monitor you for any side effects.
