Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), also known as Elmiron, is a prescription medication used to treat bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). BPS/IC is a chronic bladder condition that causes pain, pressure, and discomfort in the bladder and pelvic region. PPS is thought to work by coating and protecting the lining of the bladder, which can help to reduce inflammation and pain.
PPS is a semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GAGs are a type of sugar molecule that is found naturally in the body. GAGs play a role in a variety of functions, including cell communication, cell growth, and tissue repair.
PPS is thought to work by forming a protective layer on the surface of the bladder lining. This layer can help to protect the bladder lining from irritation and inflammation. PPS may also help to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cells and signaling molecules.
In addition to its effects on the bladder lining, PPS may also have other effects that contribute to its effectiveness in treating BPS/IC. For example, PPS may help to improve blood flow to the bladder and reduce the amount of scar tissue in the bladder.
The exact mechanism of action of PPS is not fully understood, but it is thought to work through a combination of mechanisms, including:
- Protecting the bladder lining: PPS forms a protective layer on the surface of the bladder lining, which can help to protect the bladder lining from irritation and inflammation.
- Reducing inflammation: PPS may help to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cells and signaling molecules.
- Improving blood flow to the bladder: PPS may help to improve blood flow to the bladder, which can help to promote healing and reduce inflammation.
- Reducing scar tissue formation: PPS may help to reduce the amount of scar tissue in the bladder, which can improve bladder function and reduce pain.
PPS is generally well-tolerated, but some side effects may occur, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. A rare eye condition called pigmentary maculopathy has also been reported in a small number of people taking PPS.
Overall, PPS is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of BPS/IC. It is the only FDA-approved medication for this condition. PPS has been shown to be effective in reducing bladder pain and discomfort, improving bladder capacity, reducing the frequency of urination, and improving quality of life for people with BPS/IC.
If you are considering taking PPS for BPS/IC, it is important to talk to your doctor first. Your doctor can help you to determine if PPS is right for you and can monitor you for any side effects.
